Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in its twenty-first session adopted the Paris Climate Agreement. The decisions (Decision 1/CP.21) have recognized climate change as an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human societies and the planet and thus requires the widest possible cooperation by all countries. This recognition expects effective and appropriate global climate governance by the participation of all countries to accelerate the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions to hold the rising global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. The term “Low-emissions Development Strategies” was first introduced in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations in 2008. In 2009, the Copenhagen Accord have recognized that “low-emission development strategies are indispensable to sustainable development”. In 2010, the Cancun Agreements also proposed that low-carbon development strategies (LCDS) is requisite to sustainable development and LCDS should be mandatory for developed countries and encouraged for developing countries. The Cancun Agreements encouraged “developing countries to develop low carbon development strategies or plans in the context of sustainable development” as part of their national mitigation action. The Paris Agreement brings all nations into a shared vision to undertake progressively ambitious efforts to transform the world towards a sustainable low carbon future. The Paris Agreement requires all Parties to put forward their best efforts through “nationally determined contributions” (NDCs).



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